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B. Standard Crossing-chain Transactions
The router blockchain helps to create connections between
two blockchains. Based on those connections, it is still
infeasible to communicate them without a unified transaction
format. In general, different blockchains have different
transaction formats. There is no unified transaction format
among blockchains. We design a unified crossing-chain
transaction format which can be adaptively transited into the
local transaction of arbitrary blockchain system. While
crossing-chain activities happens, chains communicate with
each other through standard crossing-chain transactions. The
unified transaction fomat is given below:
Fig.4. Unified transaction format in inter-blockchain connection model
Source: the sponsor of the transaction will be recorded
with 20 bits. It can be the identification number of a
certain blockchain.
Destination: it presents the receiver of the transaction.
Type: classification of transaction properties, such as
payment, authorization and information sharing.
Signature: the transaction will be signed by participants.
Timestamps: the time of starting the transaction.
Sequence: the unique identification number of the
transaction.
Acknowledgement: it is used for receiver to confirm
the transaction.
Transaction Content: details of the transaction.
We define the process of conversion between a local
transaction and a standard crossing-chain transaction as two
functions. They are package function and unpack function.
The package function is to wrap up a local transaction to a
standard inter-chain transaction. The unpack function is to
resolve a standard transaction into a local transaction.
Considering two isolated blockchain S1 and blockchain S2, we
use an expression indicating transferring value from address
A1 in S1 to address A2 in S2 are defined as:
TRANSFER(A1 , A2, value)
Ts1 and Ts2 are intra-chain transactions in S1 and S2
respectively. the assets are transferred between S1 and S2
through , is collection of crossing-chain standard
transactions, T is one of standard crossing-chain transactions,
and T . We have the functions of mutually converting intrachain transactions and crossing-chain transactions.
Ts1ˈPACKAGEs1( Ts1 )=T,T
T ˈUNPACKs2( T )= Ts2
The process of transferring contains packing the local
transaction into a standard transaction in S1 which will be
unpacked into the local transaction of S2.
V. CROSSING CHAIN PROTOCOL
When a blockchain system receives the transactions from
users, it will carry out transactions and write down the results
into the ledger. In the above scenario, assets are transferred
among accounts inside the system. However, it is different to
handle the transaction that requires moving the assets between
two different blockchains. For one thing, the source system
need to know how to make the transactions get to the target
chain system. For another, two involved chains must keep the
same results after finishing the crossing-chain transaction. We
present a protocol for inter-chain assets movement that enables
account on two chains to transfer value reliably. We record the
blockchain address information in form of the standard format.
In the process of executing crossing-chain transactions, three
phase commit are used to keep the consistency of two systems.
Escrowed transfer allows secure payments through untrusted
participants. Each blockchain has their own public escrow
address which is the authentic intermediary between interchain payment. More details about our protocol will be
discussed in this section.
A. Routing Messege Format
Transactions are transmitted by router node according to the
routing table written in router blockchain. Routing information
are formatted as following:
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